Introduction to PREVENT strategy

Unit 3/02 Environmental Technologies Legislation Revision Flash Cards

 

Unit 3/08A Electrical Science Principles Glossary List

Unit 308A (NELEC3/08A) Electrical Science & Principles Glossary

Outcome 1 – Mathematical Methods in Electrical Science

• Voltage (V) – Electrical potential difference.
• Current (I) – Flow of electric charge measured in amperes.
• Resistance (R) – Opposition to current flow.
• Power (P) – Rate of energy transfer (P = V × I).
• Energy (E) – Electrical energy consumed (E = P × t).
• Charge (Q) – Quantity of electricity (Q = I × t).
• Work Done (W) – Energy transferred electrically.
• Efficiency – Ratio of useful output to input.
• Prefixes – Multipliers (milli, micro, kilo, mega).
• Transposition – Rearranging formulas to isolate variables.
• Direct Proportion – When one value increases with another.
• Inverse Proportion – When one value increases as another decreases.
• Scientific Notation – Expressing numbers using powers of ten.
• Significant Figures – Precision of numerical values.
• Rounding – Adjusting numbers to required accuracy.
• Linear Relationship – Straight‑line relationship between variables.
• Graph Gradient – Rate of change between variables.
• Units (SI) – Standard measurement system.
• Conversion Factors – Used to change between units.

Outcome 2 – Electronic Components and Devices

• Diode – Allows current in one direction only.
• LED – Light‑emitting diode.
• Zener Diode – Allows reverse conduction at set voltage.
• Transistor – Semiconductor used for switching/amplification.
• Resistor – Limits current flow.
• Variable Resistor – Adjustable resistance.
• Potentiometer – Three‑terminal adjustable resistor.
• Capacitor – Stores electrical charge.
• Electrolytic Capacitor – Polarised high‑value capacitor.
• Inductor – Coil storing energy in magnetic field.
• Relay – Electrically operated switch.
• Solenoid – Electromagnetic actuator.
• Transformer – Changes AC voltage levels.
• Rectifier – Converts AC to DC.
• Bridge Rectifier – Four‑diode AC‑DC converter.
• Smoothing Capacitor – Reduces ripple in DC supplies.
• Sensor – Device detecting physical changes.
• Thermistor – Temperature‑dependent resistor.
• LDR – Light‑dependent resistor.
• IC (Integrated Circuit) – Miniaturised electronic circuit.

Outcome 3 – Alternating Current (AC) Circuits

• AC (Alternating Current) – Current that changes direction periodically.
• Frequency (Hz) – Cycles per second.
• Period (T) – Time for one cycle.
• Amplitude – Peak value of AC waveform.
• Peak Voltage (Vpeak) – Maximum instantaneous voltage.
• RMS Voltage (VRMS) – Effective AC voltage.
• Phase Angle – Angular difference between waveforms.
• Inductive Reactance (XL) – Opposition from inductors (XL = 2πfL).
• Capacitive Reactance (XC) – Opposition from capacitors (XC = 1/(2πfC)).
• Impedance (Z) – Total AC opposition.
• Power Factor – Ratio of real to apparent power.
• Real Power (kW) – Useful power.
• Reactive Power (kVAR) – Power stored and returned.
• Apparent Power (kVA) – Combined real + reactive
• Resonance – When XL = XC.
• Harmonics – Distortion from non‑linear loads.
• Three‑Phase Supply – System with three AC waveforms 120° apart.
• Phase Sequence – Order of phase rotation.

Outcome 4 – Luminaires and Lighting Principles

• Luminaire – Complete lighting unit.
• Lamp – Light‑producing element.
• Luminous Flux (lumens) – Total light output.
• Illuminance (lux) – Light falling on a surface.
• Luminous Intensity (candela) – Light in a specific direction.
• Colour Temperature (K) – Warm/cool appearance.
• CRI (Colour Rendering Index) – Accuracy of colour reproduction.
• Efficacy (lm/W) – Light output per watt.
• Glare – Excessive brightness causing discomfort.
• Diffuser – Spreads light evenly.
• Ballast – Controls current in discharge lamps.
• Driver – Controls LED power.
• Emergency Luminaire – Provides light during power failure.
• IP Rating – Protection against dust/water.
• Lux Level Requirements – Recommended lighting standards.

Outcome 5 – DC Machines and AC Motors

• DC Motor – Converts DC to mechanical rotation.
• Armature – Rotating part of a motor.
• Field Windings – Produce magnetic field.
• Commutator – Reverses current direction in DC motors.
• Brushes – Conduct current to rotating parts.
• Induction Motor – AC motor using rotating magnetic fields.
• Rotor – Rotating component.
• Stator – Stationary magnetic field component.
• Slip – Difference between synchronous and rotor speed.
• Synchronous Speed – Ns = 120f/p.
• Torque – Rotational force.
• Starting Current – High initial current in motors.
• Star‑Delta Starter – Reduces starting current.
• Single‑Phase Motor – Uses one AC supply.
• Three‑Phase Motor – Uses three AC supplies.

Outcome 6 – Operating Principles of Electrical Components

• Fuse – Element melts under fault current.
• MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) – Trips under overload/short circuit.
• RCD (Resisual Current Device) – Detects current imbalance between line and neutral.
• RCBO – Combines MCB and RCD.
• Contactor – Heavy‑duty switch.
• Overload Relay – Protects motors from overheating.
• Isolator – Manually operated switch for safety.
• SPD (Surge Protection Device) – Protects against voltage spikes.
• Enclosure – Housing for electrical components.
• Terminal Block – Connection point for conductors.
• Busbar – Conductive bar distributing power.
• Pilot Light – Indicates equipment status.
• Pushbutton – Manual control switch.
• Limit Switch – Detects mechanical movement.

Outcome 7 – Electric Heating Principles

• Joule Heating – Heat produced by current.
• Specific Heat Capacity – Energy needed to raise temperature.
• Thermal Conductivity – Ability to transfer heat.
• Conduction – Heat transfer through solids.
• Convection – Heat transfer through fluids.
• Radiation – Heat transfer via electromagnetic waves.
• Heating Load – Required power to raise temperature.
• Immersion Heater – Electric water heater.
• Storage Heater – Stores heat for later release.
• Heat Pump – Transfers heat using refrigeration cycle.
• Thermostat – Temperature‑control device.
• Element – Resistive heating component.
• Insulation – Reduces heat loss.
• Thermal Lag – Delay in temperature change.

BS EN 60898 Protective Device Revision

 

Earth Faults - The Importance of Earthing and Continuity Video

 

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NELEC3/08A Interactive Mock Exam – Mock B

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Uni 3/08 Electrical Science Principles Revision Flash Cards

⚡ EAL L3 Unit 308 — Electrical Science Principles

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DC Machines, AC Motors and Motor Starters & Control - Revision Flash Cards

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Heating Controls Flash Cards Revision - Electrical Heating Systems

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IET and BSI publish Amendment 4 (2026) to BS 7671:2018 (IET Wiring Regulations)

Hi guys,

Please read an important update from the IET with regards to our newest Amendment 4 (2026) to BS7671:2018. 

https://www.theiet.org/media/press-releases/press-releases-2026/press-releases-2026-january-march/15-january-2026-iet-and-bsi-publish-amendment-4-2026-to-bs-76712018-iet-wiring-regulations

The new amendment will be published and available from 15th April 2026, and the current/previous version BS 7671:2018+A2:2022+A3:2024, will be withdrawn six months later. Further changes are included throughout all parts of BS 7671:2018+A4:2026, including the incorporation of Amendment 3:2024 to BS 7671:2018 as part of the main document. We are moving from brown to yellow! Keep up the good on-going revision whilst keeping up to date with the industry! OB

LEIACH Electrical Industry Talk 21.01.26

 

Stripping SWA Cable Training Video - Synoptic Assignment Support

 Hi all

Courtesy of C&G Training resources, please find the following link to a supportive training video in stripping SWA cable to support you with your SA301 Synoptic Assignment:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meH4XR1yKyc

All the best,

OB

👍

Examples of Clean Energy Community Projects -

Hi all, please check the following link courtesy of Energy Saving Trust to read more on clean energy community projects as food for thought:

https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/advice/helping-your-community/#:~:text=Examples%20of%20community%20energy%20projects,helped%20with%20through%20different%20programmes.

How could you design and implement a clean energy community project within your local area?? Please do share your ideas and plans...

Best,

OB 👍

The Clean Energy Jobs Plan - Oct 2025

Hi all

As part of your wider on-going research revolving around Environmental Technologies and Legislation revision,  please take a look and download the following UK Clean Energy Jobs Plan (pdf), as published by the government (Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero):

Clean Energy Jobs Plan: Creating a new generation of good jobs to deliver energy security

Really important in staying up to date with current affairs as this will have a huge impact and influence on how your future careers within BSE will unfold and develop successfully.

Keep up the good reading and strong foundation for upskilling!

All the best,

OB 👏

News Alert! - Clean Energy jobs boom to bring thousands of new jobs!

Calling all Electricians/Future Electricians!

19.10.25 - Straight off the press, the government have announced (via The Department for Energy and Net Zero), that clean energy will bring an extra 400, 000 jobs to the sector by the year 2030, with an increased demand for electricians and plumbers! Please read the following article - watch this space as you are the future of this industry!

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/clean-energy-jobs-boom-to-bring-thousands-of-new-jobs

All the best!

OB👍

What type of skills do we need for Net Zero? Supply Chain School

Hi all, please take a look at the following video to help you understand and prioritise which skills are needed to be able to meet our Net Zero responsibilities.

Would be great to hear your thoughts, as this coincides nicely with your on-going Environmental revision! Keep up the great work! OB 👍

 

Which green job could be just the fit for you? Green Job Quiz

 

Hi all

So you're interested in a potential green career but not sure where to start?

I've found this interesting Green Job Quiz from greenjobsfornature.org that will help identify a specific role that you could be interested in pursuing? 

https://greenjobsfornature.org/green-jobs-for-nature-quiz/

Once you're done, please do share and discuss with the group your findings!

All the best,

OB 👊

Sustainability Upskilling - Supply Chain Virtual School

 Hi all,

Please find the following link to the supply chain school, a free virtual platform to upskill your knowledge around sustainability and the built environment, especially for those who are keen and working towards a future green career within BSE!

https://www.supplychainschool.co.uk/about/

As you make progress, don't forget to add your digital credentials and new acquired skills onto your updated CVs. Potential employers will certainly be impressed!

Keep up the great work!

OB 👏